Skin Cancer-What to Look for

In the U.S., skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, with one in five Americans developing it during their lifetime. Incidence rates for all types of skin cancer have been on the rise, mostly due to population aging and increased sun exposure. While non-melanoma skin cancers (Basal and Squamous cell) are usually very treatable, melanoma is a more serious concern with increasing incidence rates, especially in older populations.

The risk of skin cancer increases with age, and men are more likely to develop skin cancer than women.  People who have a first degree relative with skin cancer have a higher risk, and those with fair skin and a northern European heritage appear to be most susceptible. A personal history of blistering sunburns, and those with multiple moles are also at higher risk.  

The good news is that most skin cancers can be caught early and if caught at an early stage, have a high likelihood of complete cure.  A skin check should be performed monthly.  Look for the ABCDE’s of skin screening. Here is what to look for when screening for melanomas:

• Asymmetry-One part of a mole or birthmark doesn’t match the other.

• Border-The edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.

• Color-The color is not the same all over and may include shades of brown or black, sometimes with patches of pink, red, white, or blue.

• Diameter-The spot is larger than ¼ inch across – about the size of a pencil eraser – although melanomas can sometimes be smaller than this.

• Evolving-The mole is changing in size, shape, or color over time.

Basal and squamous cell cancers are more common than melanomas and are usually very treatable.  Basal Cell cancers tend to have the following appearance:

• Flat, firm, pale or yellow areas, similar to a scar, or raised reddish patches that might be itchy

• Small translucent, shiny, pearly bumps that are pink or red and which might have blue, brown, or black areas

• Pink growths with raised edges and a lower area in their center, which might have abnormal blood vessels spreading out like the spokes of a wheel

• Open sores (that may have oozing or crusted areas) and which don’t heal, or heal and then come back

For Squamous cell cancers:

• Rough or scaly red patches, which might crust or bleed

• Raised growths or lumps, sometimes with a lower area in the center

• Open sores (that may have oozing or crusted areas) and which don’t heal, or heal and then come back

• Wart-like growths

Monthly skin checks help you get familiar with your skin and help identify any concerning changes at an early stage.  Always follow up with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

Please feel free to reach out to Ashland Board of Health at 508-532-7922 if you have any questions or concerns.